The Difference Between Chlorella and Spirulina

Chlorella
Chlorella is a genus of single cell freshwater green algae belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta. It is spherical in shape, about 2 to 10 μm in diameter, and is without flagella. These single celled microscopic organisms are composed primarily of chlorophyll pigments. With the capacity to reproduce at a rapid rate of 4 times in just 12 hours, chlorella is an an incredibly sustainable food source offering many important nutrients coupled with a high value of complete protein. 

Because the cell wall of chlorella is indigestible to humans, it is mechanically “broken” through soundwave exposure, gentle milling or pulverizing in preparation for optimal nutrient bioavailability in humans. Encompassed in this fibrous outer shell is a bounty of unique and potent nutrients, offering a wealth of health benefits:

• Cleansing Chlorophyll-Composing nearly 7% of the biomass of chlorella, the pigment chlorophyll is a powerful cleansing agent for the body. As a heavily researched component of this algae, it aids in the processing of oxygen, helps to prime the key elimination system of the body and promotes the growth and repair of your tissues.

• Powerful Heavy Metal and Pesticide Detoxification- Chlorella is a powerful detoxification aid, strongly binding to heavy metals such as cadmium, uranium, mercury and even radioactive materials to usher their prompt removal. Studies have indicated that it has the unique potential to remove toxins while simultaneously strengthening the immune system response to subsequent exposures. Supplemental chlorella has been used therapeutically in mining populations and areas where there are high levels of air pollution and no pure drinking water.

• Ultra-Rich in Nucleic Aids- Chlorella is extremely rich in nucleic acids, key factors for RNA and DNA that protect cells and raise energy levels.

• Bountiful in Beta Carotene- This influential carotenoid acts as a powerful antioxidant to reduce the harmful effects of free radicals and minimize the damage generated from oxidative stress. As a fat soluble provitamin, it also helps with the functioning of the reproductive system, as well as to promote eye and skin health. 

• Improves Bowel Function- Chlorella stimulates the growth of friendly aerobic bacteria which has a profound, beneficial effect on overall bowel health. Furthermore, chlorella's cell walls act to absorb toxic compounds within the intestines, restoring proper gastrointestinal pH and helping to promote normal peristalsis.

Spirulina 

Spirulina is a close cousin of Chlorella and related to other robust sea vegetables including kelp, dulse, nori, arame and wakame. Spirulina however, is a unique blue-green algae, meaning it is not a true algae in biological terms but rather a cyanobacteria. This distinctive classification is given because its genetic material is not organized in a membrane-bound nucleus, yet it still uses the sun as a source of energy the way that plants do. Grown natively in the alkaline freshwater lakes of Mexico and continental Africa, it has become a popular superfood worldwide, with the highest rates of consumption and production now in Japan.

• Easily Digested- Because the cell wall of spirulina is composed of mucopolysaccharides instead of indigestible cellulose, it is easily broken down by the human digestive system. Nutrients are thus highly bioavailable and become quickly assimilated into the biochemistry of the body.

• Rich in Complete Protein and B12- Slightly higher in content than chlorella (which contains about 50% protein), Spirulina is 70% full protein by biomass. Often used as a supplement for those who consume poor quality or limited amounts of meat in their diet, Spirulina is also one of the few plant sources of essential vitamin B12. Because of it’s highly digestible composition, the hardy protein found in this algae is high in net protein utilization and efficiency ratio, allowing all of the amino acids to be readily utilized without cooking. 

• High in Fatty Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA)- Few foods contain this substance, an omega-6 fatty acid that plays a crucial role in brain function, reproductive health, growth and development, skin and hair growth, bone health, and metabolism regulation. While most commonly consumed in the form of linoleic acid and then converted into GLA within the body, spirulina contains the full form of this fatty acid allowing for efficient absorption and potent effect.

• Unique Phytochemical Phycocyanin- This outstanding phytochemical is the pigment which gives spirulina it’s blue hue. It is unique to spirulina and studies have found it to be useful to brain function, heart health, immune system strengthening, and in supporting bone marrow function for building blood cells. In mammals phycocyanin is converted into phycocyanorubin, an antioxidant that is helpful in protecting the tissues from free radicals.

Health Benefits Of Brazil Nuts

Brazil nuts http://goo.gl/ColMoK come from a tree that is grown in many parts of the Amazon, not just Brazil. They are large, in comparison to other nuts, and are often included in nut mixes. Just six nuts comprise a 1 ounce serving. Brazil nuts offer many nutrients, but are dense in calories and fat and are are quickly becoming one of the hottest foods for improving health and longevity.


Primary Nutrients
One ounce of Brazil nuts contains 185 calories, 4 grams of protein and 3 grams of carbohydrates. Brazil nuts provide 2 grams of fiber per 1 ounce serving, which is 8 percent of the recommended daily allowance, or RDA, as per U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines based on a 2,000 calorie per day diet. They provide 5 percent of the RDA for calcium and 4 percent for iron.

Beneficial Fats
Most of the fat found in Brazil nuts is the healthy unsaturated varieties which, when used in lieu of saturated fat, can help to promote heart health, says the American Heart Association. Of the 19 grams of fat in 1 ounce 41 percent is monounsaturated and 34 percent is polyunsaturated. Keep in mind that Brazil nuts still contain the highest amount of saturated fat of any nut – one serving provides 21 percent of the RDA. Stick to just one serving of nuts daily to keep your daily calorie and fat intake under control.
Brazil nuts should not be purchased in large quantities. Due to its high omega-6 fatty acid content, Brazil nuts have a tendency to become rancid easily.
Store them in the refrigerator or freezer to maintain their freshness. 
Regularly eating multiple servings of Brazil nuts may cause negative health effects. 
The CIDPUSA Foundation notes that more than 10 times the RDA of selenium can cause brittle hair and fingernails, stimulate skin rashes, affect the nervous system, make you feel fatigued and disrupt digestion causing diarrhea.

Health benefits of Brazil nuts:

• Brazil nuts are high in calories, contain good quantities of vitamins, anti-oxidants and minerals. Its kernels, in-fact, have been staple energy sources of native Amazonians even today.

• 100 g of brazil nuts provide about 656 calories. Their high caloric content chiefly comes from their fats. However, much of this fat content is mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) like palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1) that helps lower LDL or "bad cholesterol" and increase HDL or "good cholesterol" levels in the blood. Research studies suggest that Mediterranean diet that is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids offers protection from coronary artery disease and strokes by favoring healthy blood lipid profile.

• The nuts are also a very good source of vitamin-E; contain about 7.87 mg per 100 g (about 52% of RDA). Vitamin-E is a powerful lipid soluble antioxidant. It is required for maintaining the integrity of cell membrane of mucusa and skin by protecting it from harmful oxygen-free radicals.

• Brazil nuts hold exceptionally high levels of selenium. 100 g nuts provide about 1917 µg or 3485% recommended daily intake of selenium, rating them as the highest and most concentrated natural source of this mineral. Selenium is an important cofactor for anti-oxidant enzyme, glutathione-peroxidase. Just 1-2 nuts a day provides enough of this trace element. Adequate selenium in the diet help prevent coronary artery disease, liver cirrhosis, and cancers. According to a double-blind study published in the International Journal of General Medicine in 2011, selenium and vitamin E were given to 690 infertile men and 53% total improvement in sperm motility and morphology was observed.Interestingly, as a side note the study also reported pregnancy in 11% of the cases.To ensure the necessary amount of selenium in the diet, only 1-2 Brazil nuts per day are needed. Since Brazil nuts do not contain uniform amounts of selenium (it ranges between 70-90 micrograms per nut) a specific number of Brazil nuts can be given. It should also be noted that no more than 2 nuts per day should be consumed since selenium in large quantities can be toxic and even reduce testosterone levels. 

• Furthermore, just as in almonds and pine nuts, brazil nuts too are free from gluten protein. The nuts, therefore, are one of the popular ingredients in the preparation of gluten-free food formulas. These formula preparations are, in-fact, healthy alternatives in people with wheat food allergy and celiac disease.

• Additionally, these creamy nuts are an excellent source of B-complex group of vitamins such as thiamin (51% of RDA per 100 g), riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine), and folates. Altogether, these vitamins work as co-factors for enzymes during cellular substrate metabolism inside the body.

• In addition to selenium, they hold very good levels of other minerals such as copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. Copper helps prevent anemia and bone weakness (osteoporosis). Manganese is an all-important co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase.

Amazing Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds

The pumpkin fruit, in general, is grown as a field vegetable crop. Its seeds, at the same time, have been in use as food, and to extract pumpkin seed oil since centuries. In fact, in some parts of central Europe (Styrian province in Austria, Slovenia and Hungary), pumpkins are being cultivated solely for their seeds, as a major oil-seed crop at a commercial scale. Containing a wide variety of nutrients ranging from manganese and magnesium to copper, protein and zinc, pumpkin seeds http://goo.gl/Nr7OGP are nutritional powerhouses in a small package. 

Usually, the pumpkin fruit is allowed to mature completely in order to obtain good-quality seeds. Each fruit contains up to 500 cream-white husky seeds located at its central hollow cavity; interspersed in between net like mucilaginous network. The seeds are semi-flat, feature typical ovoid shape with a conical tip. Inside, its kernels feature olive-green color, sweet, buttery in texture and nutty in flavor. Pepitas enjoyed as snack, added in desserts and in savory dishes.

• Crunchy, delicious pumpkin seeds are high in calories; about 559 calories per 100 g. In addition, they are packed with fiber, vitamins, minerals, and numerous health promoting antioxidants.

• Their high calorific value mainly comes from protein and fats. Nonetheless, the kernels are especially rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) like oleic acid (18:1) that helps lower bad LDL cholesterol and increases good HDL cholesterol in the blood. Research studies suggest that Mediterranean diet which is liberal in monounsaturated fatty acids help to prevent coronary artery disease and stroke risk by favoring healthy blood lipid profile.

• Pumpkin seeds carry good-quality protein. 100 g seeds provide 30 g or 54% of recommended daily allowance of protein. In addition, the seeds are an excellent source of amino acid tryptophan and glutamate. Tryptophan is converted into serotonin and niacin. Serotonin is a beneficial neuro-chemical often labeled as nature's sleeping pill. Further, tryptophan is the precursor of B-complex vitamin, niacin (60 mg of tryptophan = 1 mg niacin).

• Pumpkin seeds have even been shown to eliminate seriously dangerous microbes from the body, including parasites! These seeds are no joke when it comes to keeping you healthy all the way around. Just 1/4 cup a day has been shown to be beneficial at improving immune health and also eliminating (not just preventing) various unhealthy microbes from harming the body. Even for yeast infections like candida, pumpkin seeds have been shown to prevent yeast overgrowth, inflammation, and can improve skin conditions in those with skin-based yeast infections.

• Glutamate is required in the synthesis of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA, an anti-stress neurochemical in the brain, helps reducing anxiety, nervous irritability, and other neurotic conditions.

• Pumpkin seeds are a very good source of anti-oxidant vitamin E; contain about 35.10 mg of tocopherol-gamma per 100 g (about 237% of RDA). Vitamin E is a powerful lipid soluble antioxidant. It prevents tissue cells from the free radical mediated oxidant injury. Thus, it helps maintain the integrity of mucusa and skin by protecting from harmful oxygen-free radicals.

• Pumpkin kernels are also an excellent source of B-complex group of vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) and folates. These vitamins work as co-factors for various enzymes during cellular substrate metabolism in the human body. In addition, niacin helps in the reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels in the blood. Along with glutamate, it enhances GABA activity inside the brain, which in turn reduces anxiety and nervous irritability.

• Furthermore, its seeds contain good amounts of essential minerals like copper, manganese, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium. Just as in pine nuts, pumpkin seeds too are very rich in manganese (provide 4543 mg per 100 g, about 198% of daily-recommended intake). Manganese is an all-important co-factor for antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. It is therefore, consumption of pumpkin kernels help develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals.

Nutrition: 

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	2,401 kJ (574 kcal)
Carbohydrates	14.71 g
Sugars	1.29 g
Dietary fiber	6.5 g
Fat	49.05 g
Saturated	8.544 g
Monounsaturated	15.734
Polyunsaturated	19.856
Protein	29.84 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1)	(6%) 0.07 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	(13%) 0.15 mg
Niacin (B3)	(30%) 4.43 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	(11%) 0.57 mg
Vitamin B6	(8%) 0.1 mg
Folate (B9)	(14%) 57 μg
Vitamin C	(8%) 6.5 mg
Vitamin E	(4%) 0.56 mg
Vitamin K	(4%) 4.5 μg
Minerals
Calcium	(5%) 52 mg
Iron	(62%) 8.07 mg
Magnesium	(155%) 550 mg
Manganese	(214%) 4.49 mg
Phosphorus	(168%) 1174 mg
Potassium	(17%) 788 mg
Sodium	(17%) 256 mg
Zinc	(80%) 7.64 mg

Oregano Oil Uses and benefits

Oregano oil http://goo.gl/JPqrCN is, as the name implies, oil from the oregano herb that is extracted by steam distillation. Or at least from the perennial oregano herb which is loaded with free-radical-crushing antioxidants. There are more than 40 varieties of the plant. According to Alive, the oil from Oreganum vulgare is believed to hold the most therapeutic benefit.

Research has shown that oregano oil offers many positive health benefits and is one of the most potent natural remedies in existence. In particular, there has been a significant evaluation of its effects against harmful organisms; investigations even been made by major pharmaceutical companies. 

How to Use Oregano Oil

• It be consumed as an herb in culinary uses, a tincture, tea or essential oil.
• The diluted oil can be consumed to speed recovery during illness.
• Oregano Oil (diluted in coconut oil) can be used on skin infections to boost healing.
• It can be mixed in to oil as part of an oil pulling routine.
• Diluted oregano oil taken internally can help with allergies.
• Oregano oil diluted in olive oil can be rubbed on sore muscles and joints for pain relief.
• Dried oregano, in combination with other dried herbs like basil, rosemary and thyme, can create an effective facial steam for loosening congestion and calming coughing.
• It can be diluted for effective use on athletes foot and fungal infections.
• It can be helpful in ridding the body of ringworm when used topically.
• It can be effective in removing warts when used diluted on the skin.

Relieves sore throat:

You may find some relief by adding a couple drops of oregano oil to a diffuser or vapourizer and inhaling for a few minutes. Drinking a few drops of oil in juice or water may also provide some relief from a sore throat.

It's also used for GI problems: 

Because there's some evidence that oil of oregano has anti-fungal or antiviral properties, it's thought to be helpful for some gastrointestinal issues. One small study showed that treatment with oregano oil may be useful for parasite infections, but further study is needed.

It could have anti-fungal properties: 

Some studies have shown that in lab cultures, oregano oil puts up a strong fight against Candida albicans, the bacteria that causes the fungal infection candida. Other research found it may have a similar effect against the mold fungis Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. However, similar studies haven't yet been done in human subjects.

You can use it on your skin: 

It's thought that oregano oil is helpful for skin conditions like cold sores, muscle aches, nail fungus, joint pain, and dandruff. Try diluting it with a carrier oil like jojoba, sweet almond, or grapeseed, at 10 to 12 drops oregano oil per ounce of carrier oil. However, don't use oregano oil on broken or sensitive skin, as it can be irritating. There is some anecdotal evidence suggestions that it may be effective for treatment of psoriasis, an inflammatory skin condition, but no published research yet.

It's a natural insect repellent:

Oregano oil contains many compounds, and one of them is carvacrol — a natural insect repellent. This compound is also found in plants like mint and thyme. Try putting a few drops of oil on outdoor furniture — test first on an inconspicuous area to make sure it doesn't stain — or apply a dilution of it to unbroken skin when heading outdoors.

It may help in the fight against antibiotic resistance:

Some people believe that we can stave off antibiotic resistance by turning to natural solutions like oregano oil more often. One lab test in 2001 found that oregano oil was effective in killing staphylococcus bacteria, and another published laboratory study out of the UK found that it showed effectiveness against 25 different bacteria.

Oregano oil isn’t a cure for the cold but it can add a layer to your immune system. Many people claim that when they start to feel under the weather they place 3-6 drops into an empty capsule and take 2-3 times daily before meals. A 5-10 day regiment has been reported as doing wonders.

It tastes terrible:

Don't expect that you'll enjoy taking oregano oil, even if you love Greek food. It has a much more potent taste in oil form, so be prepared!

Eases Discomfort

Aches and stiffness can wreak havoc and really impact your quality of life. Many people use oil of oregano topically and say that it feels like it goes deep inside their skin to relieve soreness and muscle discomfort. Simply create a 50/50 mixture of organic oregano oil and organic olive oil and apply topically to the affected area for relief. If you suffer from sore muscles, sports injuries, and backaches, this is one benefit you’ll appreciate.

Dilute Oregano Oil when you use it

Because oregano oil in its pure form is so strong, it should only be used when diluted; try a ratio of one part oregano oil to three parts carrier oil, such as olive oil. Undiluted oregano oil can be irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. It is also possible to purchase diluted oregano oil.

Supports Graceful Aging

Perhaps the hottest health trend of the past few years is the science of combatting aging. It’s important to understand that aging is largely the effect of oxidation and free radicals, which is why antioxidants are so effective. Oregano oil offers a huge amount of antioxidants that can aid in the defense against these aging-accelerators.

It's meant for short-term use

In Alive, clinical herbalist Michelle Lynde recommends using oregano oil for acute conditions, by taking four to six drops at a time for seven to ten days.

The therapeutic use of oregano oil should be avoided in infants and children, and pregnant or nursing women. It also should be avoided by people with high blood pressure or a heart condition. It's always a good idea to talk to your preferred medical professional before starting a new wellness routine, and to disclose your use of alternative therapies in case of counter-indications with other medications or treatments.

Health Benefits of Soy Milk

Soy milk http://goo.gl/fqZQ8u is a complete protein and has about the same amount of protein as cow's milk; it can replace animal protein and other sources of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, which is essential to human nutrition and growth. 

Proteins are made of amino acids which are shown to have beneficial effect in preventing various health disorders. 
Soy milk contains little digestible calcium because calcium is bound to the bean's pulp, which is indigestible by humans. To counter this, manufacturers enrich their products with calcium carbonate. Unlike cow's milk, soy milk has little saturated fat and no cholesterol.


Soy products contain sucrose as the basic disaccharide, which breaks down into glucose and fructose. Since soy does not contain galactose, a product of lactose breakdown, soy-based infant formulas can safely replace breast milk in children with galactosemia. Like lactose-free cow's milk, soymilk contains no lactose, which makes it an alternative for those who are lactose-intolerant.

1. Improve Lipid Profile
The most important attribute of soy milk is its ability to improve your blood lipid profile. Unlike dairy milk, which is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, soy milk fat is mostly unsaturated with zero cholesterol. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in soy can inhibit the transport of cholesterol into your blood stream. 
According to studies, regular intake of soy can significantly lower you blood concentrations of triglyceride and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and raise the level of high density lipoproteins (HDL). This combined effect makes soy milk an ideal drink if you have high cholesterol or have a family history of coronary heart diseases.

2. Strengthen Blood Vessel Integrity
The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids as well as the powerful phyto-antioxidants in soy can effectively protect your blood vessels from lesions and hemorrhage. These compounds bind to the blood vessel lining and defend your lining cells from free radical attacks and cholesterol deposits. The binding of these nutrients also improve the fluidity and flexibility of your blood vessels so that they are much more resilient to blood pressure changes.

3. Promote Weight Loss
Soy milk is naturally lower in sugar content than regular milk. Cow's milk has about 12 grams of sugar per cup as opposed to only 7 grams in soy milk. This is why a cup of whole soy milk has only 80 calories, which is the equivalent of skim milk. In addition, the monounsaturated fatty acid in soy milk can inhibit your intestinal absorption of fat, which is another great advantage for weight loss. Drinking soy milk also gives you an extra dose of fiber, keeping your feeling fuller for longer time.

4. Prevent Prostate Cancer
Soy milk is a rich source of phytoestrogen, a unique plant hormone that can inhibit the production of testosterone in men. Reduced testosterone levels can significantly cut the risk of prostate cancer. Studies have shown that men who eat a soy-rich diet are less likely to develop prostate hypertrophy or prostate cancer.

5. Prevent Postmenopausal Syndromes
During menopause, a woman's natural production of estrogen drops to a minimum. The sudden reduction of estrogen creates a number of health problems for postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women have higher risks of heart disease, diabetes and obesity. They are also more vulnerable to depression, mood swings, insomnia and other psychological disorders. The phytoestrogen in soy is an effective estrogen replacement. Regular intake of soy is a great way to prevent and alleviate these postmenopausal syndromes.

6. Prevent Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is another age and hormone related disease. The phytoestrogen in soy can help accelerate calcium absorption by your body and prevent the loss of bone mass. For the maximum benefit, make sure to buy the soy milk that is fortified with extra calcium and vitamin D.


7. Anti-carcinogenic properties
Consumption of soymilk is beneficial in reducing risk of prostate cancer. Results of research study suggest that men with high consumption of soymilk are at lower risk of prostate cancer.

Breast cancer is common amongst women, levels of estrogen is associated with this type of cancer. Especially,

Post-menopausal women are at higher risk for breast cancer and often consume soy products such as soymilk for other health benefits of estrogenic replacement. Research study suggests that intake of soymilk may reduce serum estrogen levels and reduce risk of breast cancer.

Star Anise benefits and uses

Star anise is the star-shaped fruit of an evergreen plant known scientifically as Illicium verum. 
It shares a name with anise which is a flowering herb. But star anise is a completely different plant that originates in southern China. 

Star anise has a licorice- or anise-like flavor, although it is not related to the true anise plants native to the Mediterranean basin and Middle East. Traditionally used as a spice and also as a healing herb, star anise appears to have medicinal properties that endow it with significant health benefits.

Health benefits of anise
Rich in Shikimic Acid
Star anise is the primary source of shikimic acid, a plant-based compound that is the precursor to oseltamivir, an antiviral medication that is marketed as Tamiflu, according to an article in a 2011 issue of “Alternative Medicine Studies.” Although shikimic acid also occurs naturally in ginkgo and sweetgum fruit, star anise has far greater concentrations. Italian researchers tested shikimic acid alone and in combination with quercetin, an antioxidant-rich plant-based nutrient, to see if they could bolster immune function to help fight off flu or other viral infections. Although shikimic acid on its own had little or no effect on immune function, its combination with quercetin, even at low doses, appeared to help ramp up immune function to better resist viral infection. Researchers published their findings in the April 2008 issue of “Journal of Medical Virology.”

Antifungal Properties
Candida albicans is a yeast -- a form of fungi -- that occurs naturally in the human mouth, throat, intestines and genitourinary tract. However, when your body’s delicate balance of microbes is disturbed or your immune system is somehow weakened, this yeast can grow unhindered and lead to serious infection, known as candidiasis. South Korean researchers found that extracts and essential oils of star anise exhibited strong antifungal properties when tested against Candida albicans. In the Dec. 10, 2010, issue of “Korean Journal of Medical Mycology,” they said their findings confirm that extracts from Illicium verum are promising candidates for use as antifungal agents.

Antibacterial Properties
The upsurge in bacterial infections that exhibit resistance to existing antibiotics has intensified the search for new agents that may prove more effective against these resistant strains of bacteria. Researchers in Taiwan tested four new antimicrobial compounds from star anise and found that they were effective against 67 strains of drug-resistant bacteria. Chronicling their study in the October 2010 issue of “Journal of Medicinal Food,” the researchers reported that their findings pave the way for the development of new antibiotic medicines from the star anise compounds they studied.
It has been reported however that because star anise is less expensive to produce but provides comparable flavor, it may gradually replace anise in its culinary uses.

Antioxidant Properties
Antioxidants target free radicals – atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons – that can cause disease and cellular damage. Free radicals can damage cellular DNA and initiate carcinogenesis – the beginnings of cancer. You can’t really avoid free radicals, which are byproducts of your body’s metabolic processes, but you can neutralize them by eating a diet rich in antioxidants. Indian researchers conducted an animal study to determine whether star anise’s antioxidant properties helped protect lab rats from artificially induced liver cancer. In a 2007 issue of “Chemico-Biological Interactions,” researchers reported animals that were fed star anise after the induction of carcinogenesis exhibited significantly less evidence of cancer development than those that did not receive star anise.

Beneficial for women’s health
In traditional Chinese medicine, star anise was given to women during pregnancy and lactating period as it was believed to boost the mother’s immunity and increases milk secretion. This was scientifically studied in recent times and it has been observed that star anise has an estrogenic effect due to the presence of a substance, anethole, which  modulates the hormonal function in women. 

Helps people with rheumatism
The oil of star anise has been found to be beneficial in patients with rheumatism and also with lower back pain. Regular massage with the oil containing star anise helps.

Benefits, Uses, and Nutrition Facts of Saffron

Saffron http://goo.gl/RNoeKD is one of the highly prized spices known since antiquity for its color, flavor and medicinal properties. It is derived from the flower  stigmas of Crocus sativus(Also know as saffron crocus), requiring 75,000 blossoms or 225,000 hand-picked stigmas to make a single pound which explains why it is the world’s most expensive spice.

According to Greek myth, handsome mortal Crocos fell in love with the beautiful nymph Smilax. But his favours were rebuffed by Smilax, and he was turned into a beautiful purple crocus flower.

This exotic spice is a native of Southern Europe and today cultivated worldwide in many countries, particularly in Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Iran, and in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
While the best saffron comes from Spain, the Kashmir region of India, Iran, and Greece; Spain is the world’s largest exporter of saffron.

In many religions, saffron is not just considered a spice. It is used in various types of therapies like body healing, detoxification and also in the spas.

Spice Description
Saffron http://goo.gl/RNoeKD is the three stigmas of the saffron crocus. They are delicate and thread-like, each measuring 2.5 – 4 cm (1 -1.5 in). Its colour is a bright orange-red, and in high quality saffron this is uniform. 
The deeper the colour of the threads, the better the quality. Deep red with orange tips is considered to be the best. If the tips aren't orange it might indicate that the saffron is inferior and has been dyed.
Saffron threads bearing white streaks or light patches is inferior and when light specks appear in its powdered form it suggests adulteration. 
Bouquet: Strongly perfumed, with an aroma of honey 
Flavour: A pungent bitter-honey taste 
Hotness Scale: 0

How to Buy Saffron
Most specialty food shops carry saffron, though if it has sat on the shelves for too long it may have lost flavor, so look for bright color.

Preparation and Storage
Because of its expense, intense flavour, and strong dying properties, very little saffron is required for culinary purposes and the key is to distribute it evenly throughout the dish being prepared. 
It can be crushed to a fine powder in a mortar and pestle. It is easier however, to steep the saffron in hot water— a pinch to a cup will create the desired flavour and colour. 
Good saffron should expand on contact with the water and a cup should be sufficient for 0.5 kg (1 lb) of rice. Powdered saffron is added directly to the required ingredients of a dish, though we recommend against buying saffron powdered, as it is so frequently adulterated. Store in a cool dry place, out of the light.

Cooking with Saffron
Saffron appears in Moorish, Mediterranean and Asian cuisines. Its most common function is to colour rice yellow, as in festive Indian pilaus and risotto Milanese, where its delicate flavour make it the most famous of Italian rice dishes. It combines well with fish and seafood, infamous as a key ingredient of Spanish paella as well as bouillabaisse. 

For general cooking, it's best to add saffron early on in cooking so its flavor can infuse into the other ingredients. If there's water already in the pan, just crumble in the threads. Otherwise soak them in a tablespoon of water for ten minutes before adding to the pan.

If you want saffron's delicate flavor to really come to the fore, keep the other flavors and seasonings to a minimum. But I most enjoy saffron as a supporting player, less for its flavor than for the depth of flavor it gives a whole dish. A small pinch in a large pot of food makes a substantial change its character: The flavor is richer, fuller, and much more aromatic. 
Saffron goes great with simple ingredients and spices, like plov, an Uzbek rice pilaf studded with carrots and onions. The saffron adds a hint of luxury and some sophisticated sweetness.

Whether you dress it up or down, saffron's worth getting to know. The quality stuff is easier to find than ever, and if you purchase by the gram or the ounce, it's an affordable luxury that'll pay for itself over and over.


Substitute for saffron
Use turmeric for color, not flavor or Safflower  can also be used to impart similar color, but taste is decidedly inferior. Marigold blossoms, again for color, not flavor. Annatto seeds can also be used for color. Steep 1 teaspoon annatto seeds in 1/4 cup of boiling water for 30 minutes, discard seeds. Reduce liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup.

Saffron contains plant-derived compounds known to have anti-oxidant, disease-preventing and health-promoting properties. Saffron threads have essential volatile oils but the most important is safranal, which gives saffron its distinct hay-like flavor. Other saffron oils include: cineole, phenethenol, pinene, borneol, geraniol, limonene, p-cymene, linalool, terpinen-4-oil.

It has many non-volatile active components, including α-crocin, a carotenoid compound, which gives the stigmas their characteristic golden yellow color. It also contains other carotenoids including zeaxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotenes. These are important antioxidants that helps protect body from oxidant-induced stress, cancers, infections and acts as immune modulators. The active components have many therapeutic applications in many traditional medicines as antiseptic, antidepressant, anti-oxidant, digestive, anti-convulsant.

Saffron is a good source of minerals like copper, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, selenium, zinc and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese and copper are used by the body as co-factors for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Iron is essential for red blood cell production.

Health benefits of Saffron
Saffron contains several plant-derived chemical compounds that are known to have been anti-oxidant, disease preventing, and health promoting properties.

• This colorful spice has many non-volatile active components; the most important of them is a-crocin, a carotenoid compound, which gives pistils their characteristic golden-yellow color. It also contains other carotenoids, including zea-xanthin, lycopene, a- and ß-carotenes. These are important antioxidants that help protect the human body from oxidant-induced stress, cancers, infections and acts as immune modulators.

• Among all the benefits that saffron is known for, protecting and preventing eye vision is one of the most important advantages. Researchers indicate that saffron is a powerful antioxidant that helps in managing the fatty acid levels in the membranes of the cells, thereby correcting vision in people with retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration related to age.

• The active components in saffron have many therapeutic applications in many traditional medicines as antiseptic, antidepressant, anti-oxidant, digestive, anti-convulsant.

• This novel spice is a good source of minerals like copper, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, selenium, zinc and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese and copper are used by the human body as co-factors for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Iron is essential for red blood cell production and as a co-factor for cytochrome oxidases enzymes.

• Additionally, it is also rich in many vital vitamins, including vitamin A, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin-C that is essential for optimum health.

• Saffron contains an agent called crocetin which is helpful in lowering blood pressure. When taken in the form of a tea, saffron works best in reversing high blood pressure.

• If your lungs have been inflamed due to a cold or respiratory illness, clear off the phlegm from your lungs by drinking saffron. Furthermore, saffron helps in reducing inflammation and clearing airways, thereby easing the symptoms of asthma.

• It contains active constituents which help in producing positive effects on people suffering from neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, massaging your gums with saffron reduces soreness and inflammation of the mouth and tongue.

Plant Description and Cultivation

A fall-flowering ornamental crocus that does well in warm climates. It grows to 15 cm (6 in) with long thin leaves. The blue-violet flowers contain the precious protruding orange stigmas.